{"product_id":"gf-230","title":"Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 (TGF beta-1), Human Recombinant","description":"\u003cp\u003eHuman Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (TGF- beta1 ) is stimulatory for cells of mesenchymal origin and inhibitory for cells of epithelial or neuroectodermal origin. Mature TGF- beta1 is a disulfide-linked homodimer of two chains composed of 112 amino acid residues each. There is a 70% homology between human TGF- beta1 and human TGF- beta2. Human TGF- beta1 is produced in genetically engineered bacteria, and purified by sequential chromatography.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 kDa (dimeric protein)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Over 98% pure by non-reduced SDS gel electrophoresis.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Store at +4°C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStability:\u003c\/strong\u003e Several months at +4°C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiological activity:\u003c\/strong\u003e The biological activity of human TGF-\u0026amp;# beta1 is determined by measuring the acidification of the culture medium (Rat-1 cells) exposed to the growth factor.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 µL (0.20 mg\/mL) in 5 mM HCl (pH 2.5). Some of the liquid in the vial could have been evaporated with changes in the final volume. However, the 5 µg of the protein are still inside the vial. We recommend, in order to control the proper concentration, to dilute the entire content to a known volume with 5mM HCl. Do not freeze this material.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e1. Ichijo, H. et al.(1994) The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol 266, No. 33, May, 22459-22464\u003cbr\u003e2. Yan, Z., Winawer, S., and Friedman, E., (1994) The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol 269, No. 18, May, 13231-13237.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- AB_PUBLISHED_USE_START --\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"ab-published-use ab-published-use-complete\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 id=\"ab-published-use-gf-230\"\u003ePublications using GF-230\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following scientific publications report use of this Austral Biologicals product:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col class=\"ab-publication-list ab-publication-list-complete\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mmr.2017.7607\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eUpregulation of long noncoding RNA AP003419.16 predicts high risk of aging-associated idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eHao et al., Molecular Medicine Reports 16 8085-8091 (2017).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcb.25797\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e7‐Dehydrocholesterol (7‐DHC), But Not Cholesterol, Causes Suppression of Canonical TGF‐β Signaling and Is Likely Involved in the Development of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD)\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eHuang et al., Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 118 1387-1400 (2017).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12929-016-0229-4\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBetulinic acid enhances TGF-β signaling by altering TGF-β receptors partitioning between lipid-raft\/caveolae and non-caveolae membrane microdomains in mink lung epithelial cells\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eChen et al., Journal of Biomedical Science 23 30 (2016).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcb.25448\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDMSO Enhances TGF‐β Activity by Recruiting the Type II TGF‐β Receptor From Intracellular Vesicles to the Plasma Membrane\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eHuang et al., Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 117 1568-1579 (2016).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.01.112\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTIEG1 enhances Osterix expression and mediates its induction by TGFβ and BMP2 in osteoblasts\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eSubramaniam et al., Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 470 528-533 (2016).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00262.2014\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKrüppel-like factor KLF10 regulates transforming growth factor receptor II expression and TGF-β signaling in CD8+ T lymphocytes\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003ePapadakis et al., American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 308 C362-C371 (2015).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0038049\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eClaudin 1 Mediates TNFα-Induced Gene Expression and Cell Migration in Human Lung Carcinoma Cells\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eShiozaki et al., PLoS ONE 7 e38049 (2012).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0019429\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTIEG1\/KLF10 Modulates Runx2 Expression and Activity in Osteoblasts\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eHawse et al., PLoS ONE 6 e19429 (2011).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-4598-9-122\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTargeting the Transforming Growth Factor-β pathway inhibits human basal-like breast cancer metastasis\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eGanapathy et al., Molecular Cancer 9 122 (2010).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-5089\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCancer-Associated Transforming Growth Factor β Type II Receptor Gene Mutant Causes Activation of Bone Morphogenic Protein-Smads and Invasive Phenotype\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eBharathy et al., Cancer Research 68 1656-1666 (2008).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.21303\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCholesterol modulates cellular TGF‐β responsiveness by altering TGF‐β binding to TGF‐β receptors\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eChen et al., Journal of Cellular Physiology 215 223-233 (2008).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jcs.006916\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCholesterol suppresses cellular TGF-β responsiveness: implications in atherogenesis\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eChen et al., Journal of Cell Science 120 3509-3521 (2007).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10495-007-0085-5\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePrevention of TGF-β-induced apoptosis by interlukin-4 through Akt activation and p70S6K survival signaling pathways\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eLin et al., Apoptosis 12 1659-1670 (2007).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-0162\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eInhibition of growth and metastasis of mouse mammary carcinoma by selective inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor kinase in vivo\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eGe et al., Clinical Cancer Research 12 4315-4330 (2006).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17357279\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTGF-beta1 down-regulates ICAM-1 expression and enhances liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eSawada et al., Advances in Medical Sciences 51 60-65 (2006).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00009.2004\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eIGFBP-3 activates TGF-β receptors and directly inhibits growth in human intestinal smooth muscle cells\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eKuemmerle et al., American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 287 G795-G802 (2004).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1271\/bbb.67.815\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDecreased Tumorigenicity In Vivo When Transforming Growth Factor β Treatment Causes Cancer Cell Senescence\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eKatakura et al., Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 67 815-821 (2003).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endo.142.5.8141\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAdvanced Glycosylation End Products Up-Regulate Connective Tissue Growth Factor (Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-Related Protein 2) in Human Fibroblasts: A Potential Mechanism for Expansion of Extracellular Matrix in Diabetes Mellitus\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eTwigg et al., Endocrinology 142 1760-1769 (2001).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M006964200\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGrowth Inhibition by Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-3 in T47D Breast Cancer Cells Requires Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) and the Type II TGF-β Receptor\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eFanayan et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry 275 39146-39151 (2000).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endo.141.9.7684\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDifferential Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-3 Protease Activity in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells by Estrogen and Transforming Growth Factor-β1\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eSalahifar et al., Endocrinology 141 3104-3110 (2000).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.V113423\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eExpression of Profilin, an Actin-Binding Protein, in Rat Experimental Glomerulonephritis and Its Upregulation by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Cultured Rat Mesangial Cells\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eTamura et al., Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 11 423-433 (2000).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.274.39.27754\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAn Active Site of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 for Growth Inhibition and Stimulation\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eHuang et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry 274 27754-27758 (1999).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.274.17.12163\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eIdentification of Two Smad4 Proteins in Xenopus\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eMasuyama et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry 274 12163-12170 (1999).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.274.10.6711\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eInteractions of high affinity insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins with the type V transforming growth factor-beta receptor in mink lung epithelial cells\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eLeal et al., J Biol Chem 274(10):6711-6717 (1999).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.273.40.26036\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eActivated Thyroglobulin Possesses a Transforming Growth Factor-β Activity\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eHuang et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 26036-26041 (1998).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.272.43.27155\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTransforming Growth Factor β Peptide Antagonists and Their Conversion to Partial Agonists\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eHuang et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 27155-27159 (1997).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.272.30.19059\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTransforming Growth Factor-β Regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-1\/Procollagen C-proteinase and Related Proteins in Fibrogenic Cells and Keratinocytes\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eLee et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 19059-19066 (1997).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI119418\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOverexpression of the TGFbeta-regulated zinc finger encoding gene, TIEG, induces apoptosis in pancreatic epithelial cells\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eTachibana et al., Journal of Clinical Investigation 99 2365-2374 (1997).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.RES.78.5.759\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSalicylate or Aspirin Inhibits the Induction of the Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eSaeid et al., Circulation Research 78 759-768 (1996).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.270.51.30797\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePre- and Post-translational Regulation of Lysyl Oxidase by Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003eFeres-Filho et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 30797-30803 (1995).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjc.1995.434\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eEffects of transforming growth factor beta-1 on growth-regulatory genes in tumour-derived human oral keratinocytes\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ab-publication-citation\"\u003ePaterson et al., British Journal of Cancer 72 922-927 (1995).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c!-- AB_PUBLISHED_USE_END --\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"ab-datasheet-link\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/helix-chartreuse-ypja.squarespace.com\/s\/Austral_Biologicals_GF-230_Datasheet.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDownload technical datasheet (PDF)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Austral Biologicals","offers":[{"title":"5 µg","offer_id":52518874677550,"sku":"GF-230-2","price":300.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1006\/2846\/3918\/files\/austral-biologicals-gf-230-5ug.png?v=1788008647","url":"https:\/\/www.australbiologicals.com\/products\/gf-230","provider":"Austral Biologicals","version":"1.0","type":"link"}